the copper era, also known as the chalcolithic period (around 4500–3300 bce), marks the transition from the stone age to the bronze age. during this time, ancient societies began experimenting with and manufacturing jewelry using native copper, which was one of the first metals to be smelted and worked by humans. copper jewelry from this era reflects early craftsmanship, often featuring simple shapes, hammered textures, and handcrafted designs. it symbolized social status, spiritual beliefs, and artistic expression, laying the groundwork for metallurgy and decorative arts in later civilizations.